The Roman Republic was the most successful democratic state of the ancient world; indeed, it may have been the most successful democratic state in history. It lasted nearly 500 years, from the overthrow of the monarchy in 509 BC to the assumption of imperial power by Caesar Augustus in 27 BC. The 2nd-century BC Greek historian Polybius account of the Roman Republic's structure called it a "mixed constitution," which perfectly balanced power between branches of government in a system of checks and balances. Polybius was a great influence on nearly all the American Founding Fathers, who incorporated his Roman Republican constitutional structure at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787.
Roman Republic – Mark Antony Silver ‘Portrait’ Denarius – Athens Mint, Struck 32 BC
Mark Antony & Octavian (Second Triumvirate) Roman Silver Denarius, Military Mint, 41 BC
Roman Republic – Julius Caesar (45 BC) Provincial Bronze – Parium, Mysia – Scarce
Julius Caesar (48/47 BC) Roman Silver Denarius – Aeneas & Anchises at the Fall of Troy
Roman Protectorate of Macedon – First Meris (ca. 167-149 BC) Silver Tetradrachm – Artemis/Club
Roman Republic – Julius Caesar Silver Portrait Denarius (40 BC) – Bull Reverse
Roman Republic – Octavian (Augustus) Silver Denarius, 36 BC – Temple of Divus Julius Caesar
Greek – Mysia, Pergamum (under the Roman Republic) Silver Cistophorus (struck 133-67 BC) – Cista/Serpents
Roman Republic – Anonymous (after 211 BC) Bronze Quadrans – Hercules/Galley
Roman Republic – Second Punic War (ca. 217-215 BC) Bronze Sextans – She-Wolf & Twins/Eagle
Roman Republic – L. Valerius Acisculus (45 BC) Silver Denarius – Apollo/Europa & Bull
*Egyptian Motifs* Island of Malta (Melita) Bronze Issue (ca. 150-146 BC) – Egyptian Deities Isis/Osiris
Second Triumvirate – Mark Antony & Octavian (41 BC) Roman Silver Denarius, Military Mint
Mysia, Pergamum (under the Roman Republic) Silver Cistophorus (struck 133-67 BC) – Cista/Serpents
Julius Caesar, Dictator for Life (Mar-Apr 44 BC) Roman Silver Portrait Denarius – Venus Reverse
Roman Republic – Cnaeus Pompey the Younger (46/45 BC) Silver Denarius – Civil War vs. Caesar Issue
Divus Julius Caesar & Octavian (36 BC) Bronze Double-Portrait Dupondius – Lyon, Gaul
Roman Governors – Aulus Gabinius (57-55 BC) Silver Tetradrachm, Types of Philip I
*Advanced Style* Roman Republic – Second Punic War (217-215 BC) Bronze Semiuncia – Mercury/Galley
Macedon, Pella – Roman Occupation (168-166 BC) Bronze Issue – Scarce
Roman Republic – C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (48 BC) Silver Denarius – Mask of Pan/Jupiter – NGC Ch F
Roman Republic – Second Punic War (ca. 217-215 BC) Bronze Uncia – Facing Sol/Crescent
Roman Republic – Second Punic War (ca. 207-206 BC) Bronze ‘Corn-Ear’ Sextans
Roman Republic – Anonymous (after 211 BC) Bronze Triens, Sardinia – Minerva/Galley
Roman Republic – Mark Antony Silver ‘Portrait’ Denarius – Athens Mint, Struck 32 BC
Roman Republic – Julius Caesar, Dictator for Life (Mar-Apr 44 BC) Silver Portrait Denarius
Roman Republic – P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, Imperator in Asia (56-54 BC) Silver Cistophorus
Roman Republic – L. Thorius Balbus (105 BC) Silver Denarius – Juno/Bull Charging
Macedon (Roman Province) – Aesillas, as quaestor (ca. 95-70 BC) Silver Tetradrachm – Portrait of Alexander
Roman Republic (time of Sulla) – Q. Antonius Balbus (83/82 BC) Silver Denarius – NGC AU