The Roman Republic was the most successful democratic state of the ancient world; indeed, it may have been the most successful democratic state in history. It lasted nearly 500 years, from the overthrow of the monarchy in 509 BC to the assumption of imperial power by Caesar Augustus in 27 BC. The 2nd-century BC Greek historian Polybius account of the Roman Republic's structure called it a "mixed constitution," which perfectly balanced power between branches of government in a system of checks and balances. Polybius was a great influence on nearly all the American Founding Fathers, who incorporated his Roman Republican constitutional structure at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787.
Roman Republic – Mark Antony Silver ‘Portrait’ Denarius – Athens Mint, Struck 32 BC
Mark Antony & Octavian (Second Triumvirate) Roman Silver Denarius, Military Mint, 41 BC
Julius Caesar (48/47 BC) Roman Silver Denarius – Aeneas & Anchises at the Fall of Troy
Roman Republic – Julius Caesar Silver Portrait Denarius (40 BC) – Bull Reverse
Roman Republic – Octavian (Augustus) Silver Denarius, 36 BC – Temple of Divus Julius Caesar
Roman Republic – Second Punic War (ca. 217-215 BC) Bronze Sextans – She-Wolf & Twins/Eagle
Roman Republic – L. Valerius Acisculus (45 BC) Silver Denarius – Apollo/Europa & Bull
*Egyptian Motifs* Island of Malta (Melita) Bronze Issue (ca. 150-146 BC) – Egyptian Deities Isis/Osiris
Second Triumvirate – Mark Antony & Octavian (41 BC) Roman Silver Denarius, Military Mint
Mysia, Pergamum (under the Roman Republic) Silver Cistophorus (struck 133-67 BC) – Cista/Serpents
Julius Caesar, Dictator for Life (Mar-Apr 44 BC) Roman Silver Portrait Denarius – Venus Reverse
Roman Republic – Cnaeus Pompey the Younger (46/45 BC) Silver Denarius – Civil War vs. Caesar Issue
Roman Governors – Aulus Gabinius (57-55 BC) Silver Tetradrachm, Types of Philip I
*Advanced Style* Roman Republic – Second Punic War (217-215 BC) Bronze Semiuncia – Mercury/Galley
Roman Republic – C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (48 BC) Silver Denarius – Mask of Pan/Jupiter – NGC Ch F
Roman Republic – Second Punic War (ca. 217-215 BC) Bronze Uncia – Facing Sol/Crescent
Macedon (Roman Province) – Aesillas, as quaestor (ca. 95-70 BC) Silver Tetradrachm – Portrait of Alexander
Roman Republic (time of Sulla) – Q. Antonius Balbus (83/82 BC) Silver Denarius – NGC AU
Roman Republic – Anonymous (ca. 225-217 BC) Aes Grave Triens, Minerva/Galley – 78 Grams
Roman Republic – P. Clodius Turrinus (42 BC) Silver Denarius, Apollo/Diana – NGC Fine
Roman Republic – Second Punic War, First Series (ca. 214-212 BC) Bronze ‘Corn-Ear’ Sextans
Roman Republic – L. Livineius Regulus (42 BC) Silver Portrait Denarius – NGC VF
Roman Republic – C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (48 BC) Silver Denarius – Mask of Pan/Jupiter – NGC Ch F
Macedon, Roman Protectorate – First Meris (ca. 167-149 BC) Silver Tetradrachm – Artemis/Club
Macedon, Roman Protectorate – First Meris (ca. 167-149 BC) Silver Tetradrachm – Artemis/Club
Roman Protectorate of Macedon – First Meris (ca. 167-149 BC) Silver Tetradrachm – Artemis/Club
*NGC VF* Roman Republic – Mn. Fonteius (108/107 BC) Silver Denarius – Dioscuri/Galley
C. Cassius Longinus, assassin of Caesar Silver Denarius (Smyrna, 42 BC) – Head of Libertas
Roman Republic – L. Cornelius Cinna (ca. 169-158 BC) Bronze As, NGC Choice Fine
Celtic Gaul – Remi (ca. 100-50 BC) Debased Gold or Electrum 1/4 Stater